https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb <p>About Van hien and Heritage (Vol. B), published in English language.</p> en-US Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 3030-489X https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/310 This study examines Vietnamese lexical items denoting approximate measurement based on the human hand, such as gang (hand span), đốt (finger joint), sải (arm span), nắm (a handful of), nhúm (a pinch of), and vốc (a double handful of), ect. Grounded in cognitive linguistics and linguistic-cultural theory, the research explores how these items encode a culturally specific worldview shaped by Vietnam’s agrarian way of life. Using qualitative semantic analysis, twelve lexical items are classified into two subsystem, length/distance and quantity/amount, and compared with their English counterparts. The findings indicate that Vietnamese preserves a parallel system of embodied, imprecise measurement alongside standardized scientific items. This coexistence reflects an epistemology that privileges experiential approximation and human-centered perception rather than absolute precision. The study contributes to cross-linguistic research on measurement, embodiment, and linguistic worldview. PhD Minh Tran Thi Pham Thi Ha Copyright (c) 2026 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-29 2025-12-29 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/294 While the influence of Buddhism introduced from India in general during the proto-historic period of Vietnam in Giao Chỉ has long been affirmed, the impact of Esoteric Buddhism (Vajrayāna) remains an open question, only recently brought into scholarly discussion. Lĩnh Nam chích quái, though compiled in the medieval period, is the earliest surviving work that preserves legends from Vietnam’s proto-history. It thus constitutes a rare, if not unique, source for examining the transmission and development of Esoteric Buddhism from India into Giao Chỉ during that early stage. The study of Esoteric Buddhist elements within Vietnam’s proto-historic legends through Lĩnh Nam chích quái has been almost entirely neglected. To date, one can say that no comprehensive research has been conducted in this promising direction. This article seeks to shed light on certain latent Esoteric Buddhist elements embedded within details of Lĩnh Nam chích quái. Although the limited scope of a single paper cannot present a comprehensive treatment, these preliminary analyses are expected to lay a foundation for deeper approaches in future research. Phung Hau Lam Anh Khoi Ngo Ho Hanh Tran Thi Copyright (c) 2026 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-29 2025-12-29 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/279 This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a novel, researched, and systematized pedagogical model regarding the application of Vietnamese idioms and proverbs in teaching Primary School Mathematics. This model is constructed upon a strictly defined four-component structure: (1) Cultural materials (Idioms and proverbs); (2) The decoded mathematical model; (3) Pedagogical application scenarios in specific lessons; and (4) A system of dual educational effectiveness regarding Competencies and Qualities. By situating this approach within the theoretical framework of Ethnomathematics and aligning it with the requirements of the 2018 General Education Curriculum, the article affirms that this is not merely an empirical initiative but a comprehensive, scientifically-grounded methodology. It contributes to addressing challenges in the teaching and learning of Mathematics while simultaneously cultivating cultural values for the younger generation. Bich Ha Nguyen Thi Copyright (c) 2025 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-29 2025-12-29 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/304 This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a novel, researched, and systematized pedagogical model regarding the application of Vietnamese idioms and proverbs in teaching Primary School Mathematics. This model is constructed upon a strictly defined four-component structure: (1) Cultural materials (Idioms and proverbs); (2) The decoded mathematical model; (3) Pedagogical application scenarios in specific lessons; and (4) A system of dual educational effectiveness regarding Competencies and Qualities. By situating this approach within the theoretical framework of Ethnomathematics and aligning it with the requirements of the 2018 General Education Curriculum, the article affirms that this is not merely an empirical initiative but a comprehensive, scientifically-grounded methodology. It contributes to addressing challenges in the teaching and learning of Mathematics while simultaneously cultivating cultural values for the younger generation. Chung Vu Quoc Hieu Trong Pham My Linh Nguyen Thi Copyright (c) 2025 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/301 The final Classical Chinese examination was organized in 1919 with significant modifications to the format of the Metropolitan Examination (Hội examination), wherein proficiency in Classical Chinese, Quoc ngu (Romanized Vietnamese), and French became a prerequisite for candidates nationwide to register. How did this shift influence the educational policies of the colonial protectorate government prior to this event? How were the establishment of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) in Vietnam in 1901 and the implementation of the protectorate state's policies through the EFEO’s administration manifested? Drawing upon archival materials currently preserved at the Institute of Sino-Nom Studies and various libraries in Hanoi, this article elucidates the changes in colonial policy and their impact on education in Vietnam (1889-1916). The study highlights the pivotal role of the EFEO in executing educational policies designed to encourage scholars to study Quoc ngu, French, and Nom at the village level; promoting the translation of Vietnamese works into Quoc ngu and French; and encouraging the translation of Vietnamese works from Quoc ngu into Nom to serve the multilingual educational policy of the French protectorate administration in the early 20th century. Oanh Nguyen Thi Copyright (c) 2026 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/293 The formative history of most nations in the world is closely associated with myths and legends. In many cases, the founding figures are deities or supernatural forces. However, there are also instances in which the progenitors of a nation were historical human beings. As a multi-ethnic country endowed with a rich reservoir of cultural heritage, Vietnam possesses numerous myths and legends about the nation’s founding era. Reading the tales in Lĩnh Nam Chích Quái such as “Lạc Long Quân - Âu Cơ,” “Sơn Tinh - Thủy Tinh,” “Chử Đồng Tử - Tiên Dung,” “Mai An Tiêm,” and others, one can discern cultural messages and “genetic codes” transmitted by earlier generations to their descendants. The study of these myths can provide increasingly profound and comprehensive insights into the mindset of ancient communities during the nation’s formative period; the role of the state and its rulers; social structures and relationships; matriarchal and patriarchal systems; modes of social division of labor; natural resources and the interrelation between sea and land. These cultural elements and messages are perceived, interpreted, and analyzed from multiple dimensions and approaches, both disciplinary and interdisciplinary. Kim Nguyen Van Copyright (c) 2026 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-29 2025-12-29 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/308 Bùi Trục 裴軸 (1730-1815) was a post-Restoration Lê period Tonkinese scholar-official. The elder cousin of the famous literatus Bùi Bích 裴壁 (1744-1818), he commanded wide respect among his contemporaries for his erudition and moral integrity. Bùi Trục’s “Private Household Instructions” (Gia đình tư ngữ 家庭私語) is a compilation of seventy-three apophthegms in the Song–Yuan–Ming Way Learning tradition included in Đản Trai tạp cảo 亶齋雜藁, a collection of Bùi Trục’s miscellaneous writings. It is notable for being the clearest example of a Way Learning record of sayings (ngữ lục 語錄) compilation in early modern Vietnamese Confucianism. This annotated translation contains a punctuated transcription of the entire Sinitic text of the “Private Household Instructions” alongside an English translation. Dan T. Nguyen Copyright (c) 2026 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-29 2025-12-29 4 2 https://science.thanglong.edu.vn/index.php/volb/article/view/302 This article presents a brief overview of the history of Vietnamese mathematics and mathematics education, categorized into three main historical periods. The first period focuses on traditional mathematics during the feudal era, where mathematical knowledge primarily served administrative functions and the imperial examination system, characterized by the existence of distinct Han-Nom mathematical texts. The second period examines the transition during the French colonial era, marking the end of Confucian education and the introduction of Western mathematics, alongside the emergence of Vietnam's first modern mathematicians. The third period covers the development from 1945 to the present, highlighting the establishment of a complete mathematics education system in the Vietnamese language, the formation of specialized mathematics classes, the movement of Mathematical Olympiads, and significant research achievements that have integrated Vietnamese mathematics into the global community. Khoai Ha Huy Phuong Ta Duy Alexei Volkov Copyright (c) 2026 Thang Long Journal of Science: Van hien and Heritage 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 4 2