The Buddhist Cultural Space of Western Yên Tử

Abstract

This study explores how the Buddhist cultural space of Tây Yên Tử in Bac Giang Province, Vietnam, embodies the philosophies and teachings of the Trúc Lâm and Lâm Tế Zen traditions. Drawing on archival research, ethnographic fieldwork, and textual analysis, the article investigates the interplay between tangible expressions of Zen culture—such as temples, shrines, hermitages, stupas, and ornamental plants—and the intangible facets of religious life, including annual festivals, meditation practices, and community rituals. The findings demonstrate that site selection, architectural design, and social activities in Tây Yên Tử intertwine Zen principles with the local environment and communal identity, thus creating a dynamic cultural landscape that supports both spiritual cultivation and social cohesion. Moreover, these Zen traditions have permeated the region’s collective religious consciousness, as evidenced by ongoing festivals and communal celebrations that reinforce shared faith and cultural identity. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity of safeguarding Tây Yên Tử’s cultural and spiritual heritage amid contemporary challenges—such as increased tourism and globalization—thus underscoring the vital role of this unique Buddhist space in preserving Vietnam’s rich religious and cultural legacy.