The plot of the tale of Ông Ngâu and Bà Ngâu in Vietnam, China, Korea and Japan

Abstract

This study examines the cross-cultural phenomenon of folklore repetition within the “shared cultural motif” nations of Vietnam, China, Korea, and Japan, specifically through a comparative analysis of the “Cowherd and Weaver Girl” tale type. While these four nations share a common narrative structure involving a weaving maiden and a herdsman separated by an authoritative figure and allowed to meet only on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the study highlights how distinct natural environments and national psychologies have created unique local variations. The research contrasts specific cultural elements, such as the Japanese depiction of a joyous reunion amidst clear skies versus the Vietnamese version (Ông Ngâu - Bà Ngâu), which is characterized by prolonged rains and cultural taboos against marriage during the seventh month. Additionally, the article explores the philosophical symbolism of the number seven, the varying roles of helper animals like crows and magpies, and the adaptation of the buffalo or cattle as the foundation of livelihood in different regions. The author concludes that while these tales likely originated from a common source, potentially among ethnic groups south of the Yangtze River, they have been assimilated and modified to reflect the distinct cultural and environmental identities of each nation.