IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the systematic review was to assess and provide an analysis of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents. Methods: A search was performed in two well-known databases (PubMed and Web of Science). PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline methodology was employed
and data regarding the HRQoL were extracted from eligible studies. Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and, therefore, were included in the systematic review. Result: Three articles showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the HRQoL of children and adolescents, and one article did not report a comparison between pre-and
during the COVID-19 pandemic, although a reduction in the HRQoL can be observed. Nevertheless, two articles did not find significant changes and one did not report p-values. Regarding gender differences, only two studies analyzed this topic, observing no differences between girls and boys in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HRQoL. Conclusion: This systematic review might confirm that COVID-19 has a negative impact
on the HRQoL of children and/or adolescents.
Keywords
Adolescents Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL)
Article Details
References
[1] "The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization," (in eng), Soc Sci Med, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1403-9, Nov 1995, doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-k.
[2] A. W. Riley et al., "Factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children with ADHD in Europe at entry into treatment," (in eng), Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. I38-45, Dec 2006, doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-1006-9.
[3] B. Gopinath, L. L. Hardy, L. A. Baur, G. Burlutsky, and P. Mitchell, "Physical activity and sedentary behaviors and health-related quality of life in adolescents," (in eng), Pediatrics, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. e167-74, Jul 2012, doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-3637.
[4] R. Guthold, G. A. Stevens, L. M. Riley, and F. C. Bull, "Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants," (in eng), Lancet Child Adolesc Health, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 23-35, Jan 2020, doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30323-2.
[5] M. S. Tremblay et al., "Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth," International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 98, 2011/09/21 2011, doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-98.
[6] M. Xiang, Z. Zhang, and K. Kuwahara, "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected," (in eng), Prog Cardiovasc Dis, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 531-532, Jul-Aug 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013.
[7] H. Chtourou et al., "Staying Physically Active During the Quarantine and Self-Isolation Period for Controlling and Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Overview of the Literature," (in eng), Frontiers in psychology, vol. 11, pp. 1708-1708, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01708.
[8] S. Fazeli et al., "Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak," (in eng), Addictive behaviors reports, vol. 12, pp. 100307-100307, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100307.
[9] A. Orben, L. Tomova, and S.-J. Blakemore, "The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health," (in eng), The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 634-640, 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30186-3.
[10] U. Ravens-Sieberer, A. Kaman, M. Erhart, J. Devine, R. Schlack, and C. Otto, "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany," (in eng), Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, pp. 1-11, Jan 25 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5.
[11] U. Ravens-Sieberer et al., "The European KIDSCREEN approach to measure quality of life and well-being in children: development, current application, and future advances," (in eng), Qual Life Res, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 791-803, Apr 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11136-013-0428-3.
[12] J. W. Varni, C. A. Limbers, and T. M. Burwinkle, "Parent proxy-report of their children's health-related quality of life: an analysis of 13,878 parents' reliability and validity across age subgroups using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales," (in eng), Health and quality of life outcomes, vol. 5, pp. 2-2, 2007, doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-2.
[13] D. G. de Matos et al., "The Impact of Measures Recommended by the Government to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Physical Activity Levels, Quality of Life, and Mental Health of Brazilians," Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 21, 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12219072.
[14] O. Abawi et al., "COVID-19 related anxiety in children and adolescents with severe obesity: A mixed-methods study," (in eng), Clin Obes, vol. 10, no. 6, p. e12412, Dec 2020, doi: 10.1111/cob.12412.
[15] R. Dragun et al., "Have Lifestyle Habits and Psychological Well-Being Changed among Adolescents and Medical Students Due to COVID-19 Lockdown in Croatia?," (in eng), Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec 30 2020, doi: 10.3390/nu13010097.
[16] K. Wunsch et al., "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study," (in eng), Children (Basel), vol. 8, no. 2, Feb 2 2021, doi: 10.3390/children8020098.
[17] L. Vallejo-Slocker, J. Fresneda, and M. A. Vallejo, "Psychological Wellbeing of Vulnerable Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic," (in eng), Psicothema, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 501-507, Nov 2020, doi: 10.7334/psicothema2020.218.
[18] U. de la Barrera, K. Schoeps, J. A. Gil-Gómez, and I. Montoya-Castilla, "Predicting Adolescent Adjustment and Well-Being: The Interplay between Socio-Emotional and Personal Factors," (in eng), Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 16, no. 23, Nov 22 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234650.
[19] M. Narici et al., "Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures," (in eng), Eur J Sport Sci, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 614-635, Apr 2021, doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1761076.
[20] J. P. Fuentes-García, M. J. Martínez Patiño, S. Villafaina, and V. J. Clemente-Suárez, "The Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players," (in eng), Frontiers in psychology, vol. 11, pp. 1812-1812, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812.
[21] A. J. Pinto, D. W. Dunstan, N. Owen, E. Bonfá, and B. Gualano, "Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic," Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 347-348, 2020/07/01 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0427-z.
[22] S. C. E. Schmidt et al., "Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment," (in eng), Sci Rep, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 21780, Dec 11 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4.
[23] S. Li, Y. Wang, J. Xue, N. Zhao, and T. Zhu, "The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062032.
[24] D. Jiménez-Pavón, A. Carbonell-Baeza, and C. J. Lavie, "Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people," (in eng), Prog Cardiovasc Dis, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 386-388, May-Jun 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009.
[25] P. Polero et al., "Physical Activity Recommendations during COVID-19: Narrative Review," (in eng), Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 18, no. 1, Dec 24 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010065.
[26] E. Z. Martinez et al., "Physical activity in periods of social distancing due to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey," (in eng), Cien Saude Colet, vol. 25, no. suppl 2, pp. 4157-4168, Oct 2020, doi: 10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.27242020.
[27] E. Y. Thomas, A. Anurudran, K. Robb, and T. F. Burke, "Spotlight on child abuse and neglect response in the time of COVID-19," (in eng), The Lancet. Public health, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. e371-e371, 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30143-2.
[28] F. Reiss, A.-K. Meyrose, C. Otto, T. Lampert, F. Klasen, and U. Ravens-Sieberer, "Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study," (in eng), PloS one, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. e0213700-e0213700, 2019, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213700
[2] A. W. Riley et al., "Factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children with ADHD in Europe at entry into treatment," (in eng), Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. I38-45, Dec 2006, doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-1006-9.
[3] B. Gopinath, L. L. Hardy, L. A. Baur, G. Burlutsky, and P. Mitchell, "Physical activity and sedentary behaviors and health-related quality of life in adolescents," (in eng), Pediatrics, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. e167-74, Jul 2012, doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-3637.
[4] R. Guthold, G. A. Stevens, L. M. Riley, and F. C. Bull, "Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants," (in eng), Lancet Child Adolesc Health, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 23-35, Jan 2020, doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30323-2.
[5] M. S. Tremblay et al., "Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth," International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 98, 2011/09/21 2011, doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-98.
[6] M. Xiang, Z. Zhang, and K. Kuwahara, "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected," (in eng), Prog Cardiovasc Dis, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 531-532, Jul-Aug 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013.
[7] H. Chtourou et al., "Staying Physically Active During the Quarantine and Self-Isolation Period for Controlling and Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Overview of the Literature," (in eng), Frontiers in psychology, vol. 11, pp. 1708-1708, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01708.
[8] S. Fazeli et al., "Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak," (in eng), Addictive behaviors reports, vol. 12, pp. 100307-100307, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100307.
[9] A. Orben, L. Tomova, and S.-J. Blakemore, "The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health," (in eng), The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 634-640, 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30186-3.
[10] U. Ravens-Sieberer, A. Kaman, M. Erhart, J. Devine, R. Schlack, and C. Otto, "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany," (in eng), Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, pp. 1-11, Jan 25 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5.
[11] U. Ravens-Sieberer et al., "The European KIDSCREEN approach to measure quality of life and well-being in children: development, current application, and future advances," (in eng), Qual Life Res, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 791-803, Apr 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11136-013-0428-3.
[12] J. W. Varni, C. A. Limbers, and T. M. Burwinkle, "Parent proxy-report of their children's health-related quality of life: an analysis of 13,878 parents' reliability and validity across age subgroups using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales," (in eng), Health and quality of life outcomes, vol. 5, pp. 2-2, 2007, doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-2.
[13] D. G. de Matos et al., "The Impact of Measures Recommended by the Government to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Physical Activity Levels, Quality of Life, and Mental Health of Brazilians," Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 21, 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12219072.
[14] O. Abawi et al., "COVID-19 related anxiety in children and adolescents with severe obesity: A mixed-methods study," (in eng), Clin Obes, vol. 10, no. 6, p. e12412, Dec 2020, doi: 10.1111/cob.12412.
[15] R. Dragun et al., "Have Lifestyle Habits and Psychological Well-Being Changed among Adolescents and Medical Students Due to COVID-19 Lockdown in Croatia?," (in eng), Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec 30 2020, doi: 10.3390/nu13010097.
[16] K. Wunsch et al., "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Interrelation of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Germany: Results of the Motorik-Modul Study," (in eng), Children (Basel), vol. 8, no. 2, Feb 2 2021, doi: 10.3390/children8020098.
[17] L. Vallejo-Slocker, J. Fresneda, and M. A. Vallejo, "Psychological Wellbeing of Vulnerable Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic," (in eng), Psicothema, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 501-507, Nov 2020, doi: 10.7334/psicothema2020.218.
[18] U. de la Barrera, K. Schoeps, J. A. Gil-Gómez, and I. Montoya-Castilla, "Predicting Adolescent Adjustment and Well-Being: The Interplay between Socio-Emotional and Personal Factors," (in eng), Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 16, no. 23, Nov 22 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234650.
[19] M. Narici et al., "Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures," (in eng), Eur J Sport Sci, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 614-635, Apr 2021, doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1761076.
[20] J. P. Fuentes-García, M. J. Martínez Patiño, S. Villafaina, and V. J. Clemente-Suárez, "The Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players," (in eng), Frontiers in psychology, vol. 11, pp. 1812-1812, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812.
[21] A. J. Pinto, D. W. Dunstan, N. Owen, E. Bonfá, and B. Gualano, "Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic," Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 347-348, 2020/07/01 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0427-z.
[22] S. C. E. Schmidt et al., "Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment," (in eng), Sci Rep, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 21780, Dec 11 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4.
[23] S. Li, Y. Wang, J. Xue, N. Zhao, and T. Zhu, "The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062032.
[24] D. Jiménez-Pavón, A. Carbonell-Baeza, and C. J. Lavie, "Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people," (in eng), Prog Cardiovasc Dis, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 386-388, May-Jun 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009.
[25] P. Polero et al., "Physical Activity Recommendations during COVID-19: Narrative Review," (in eng), Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 18, no. 1, Dec 24 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010065.
[26] E. Z. Martinez et al., "Physical activity in periods of social distancing due to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey," (in eng), Cien Saude Colet, vol. 25, no. suppl 2, pp. 4157-4168, Oct 2020, doi: 10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.27242020.
[27] E. Y. Thomas, A. Anurudran, K. Robb, and T. F. Burke, "Spotlight on child abuse and neglect response in the time of COVID-19," (in eng), The Lancet. Public health, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. e371-e371, 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30143-2.
[28] F. Reiss, A.-K. Meyrose, C. Otto, T. Lampert, F. Klasen, and U. Ravens-Sieberer, "Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study," (in eng), PloS one, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. e0213700-e0213700, 2019, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213700